Corrosive gastritis is caused by the ingestion of strong acids, alkalis, arsenic, phosphorus, mercuric chloride, and similar substances. Strong acids often leave burn scabs of varying colors on the lips and pharyngeal mucosa, while severe tissue necrosis caused by strong alkalis typically presents as mucosal translucent swelling. Severe cases may result in gastrointestinal bleeding, upper gastrointestinal perforation, and peritonitis. Survivors often develop strictures of the esophagus and/or gastric outlet.
In cases of corrosive gastritis, temporary fasting and parenteral nutrition are necessary, with close monitoring. Endoscopic examination can help guide treatment but must be performed with caution. Nasogastric tubes may be placed to wash or dilute the corrosive agent, drain gastric contents, and prevent complete esophageal stricture or obstruction. If the corrosive agent is unknown, milk or egg whites may be used to dilute it. For patients with laryngeal edema or respiratory distress, tracheostomy can be considered. Gastric perforation and acute peritonitis require surgical repair. For late-stage complications such as scar-related strictures and swallowing obstruction, treatment options include surgery, endoscopic dilation, or stent placement.