Malignant tumors of the biliary system are relatively rare and primarily include gallbladder cancer (GBC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CC), accounting for approximately 3% of all gastrointestinal tumors. The majority of biliary malignancies are adenocarcinomas, which are highly aggressive and often diagnosed at advanced stages, leading to a very poor prognosis. Globally, the incidence of biliary malignancies is increasing, with the highest prevalence observed in Asian countries.
To be continued