Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) refers to a type of hemolytic anemia caused by immune system dysfunction, in which autoantibodies against red blood cells and/or complements are produced. These immune factors bind to red blood cell membrane antigens, leading to accelerated red blood cell destruction. The annual incidence rate is approximately 0.8–3.0 cases per 100,000 individuals.
AIHA can be classified into primary and secondary types based on whether the underlying cause is identified. It can also be categorized into warm antibody type, cold antibody type, and mixed type (involving both warm and cold antibodies) based on the preferred temperature at which autoantibodies react with red blood cells.
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