Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome (APS) refers to a group of disorders characterized by the simultaneous or sequential occurrence of two or more autoimmune diseases affecting endocrine or non-endocrine glands. The majority of these involve functional decline in endocrine glands or cells. APS often has an insidious onset, can occur across different age groups, and shows a familial predisposition. Circulating specific autoantibodies can usually be detected in the blood of APS patients, and the affected organs or tissues typically exhibit lymphocytic infiltration. Based on etiology and clinical characteristics, APS is primarily classified into APS-1 and APS-2, with APS-2 being more common.
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