Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a group of clinical syndromes caused by acute myocardial ischemia. It primarily includes unstable angina (UA), non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), and ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Sudden cardiac death caused by coronary artery disease is considered a special type of ACS.
Clinically, acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is classified into five types:
- Type 1: Spontaneous AMI, the most common type, caused by primary coronary instability such as plaque rupture, erosion, or ulceration, leading to secondary thrombus formation
- Type 2: AMI due to an imbalance between oxygen supply and demand caused by secondary factors, such as coronary artery spasm, spontaneous dissection, and intramural hematoma, as well as embolism or microvascular disease
- Type 3: Sudden cardiac death due to coronary artery disease
- Type 4: AMI associated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)
- Type 5: AMI associated with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)
To be continued